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For decades, US presidents have had to grapple with a hugely sensitive tightrope known as the “One Cathay” policy. The BBC explains what it consists in.

It is the diplomatic acknowledgement of China’s position that there is only i Chinese regime. Under the policy, the The states recognises and has formal ties with China rather than the island of Taiwan, which China sees every bit a breakaway province to be reunified with the mainland one day.

The One Cathay policy is a key cornerstone of Sino-US relations. Information technology is also a cardinal bedrock of Chinese policy-making and affairs. Nevertheless, it is distinct from the One Red china principle, whereby Prc insists Taiwan is an inalienable part of one People’s republic of china to be reunified 1 day.

The U.s.a. policy is not an endorsement of Beijing’southward position and indeed equally office of the policy, Washington maintains a “robust unofficial” human relationship with Taiwan, including continued artillery sales to the island then that information technology can defend itself.

Although Taiwan’due south government claims it is an independent country officially called the “Republic of China”, any state that wants diplomatic relations with mainland China must break official ties with Taipei.

This has resulted in Taiwan’due south diplomatic isolation from the international community.

The policy can be traced back to 1949 and the stop of the Chinese civil state of war. The defeated Nationalists, also known every bit the Kuomintang, retreated to Taiwan and made it their seat of government while the victorious Communists began ruling the mainland every bit the People’s Republic of Communist china. Both sides said they represented all of China.

Since then China’southward ruling Communist Party has threatened to use force if Taiwan always formally declares independence, only it has too pursued a softer diplomatic track with the island in recent years.

Initially, many governments including the US recognised Taiwan every bit they shied abroad from Communist Red china. But the diplomatic winds shifted as People’s republic of china and the U.s. saw a mutual demand to develop relations beginning in the 1970s, with the The states and other countries cutting ties with Taipei in favour of Beijing.

Many withal still maintain informal relations with Taiwan through merchandise offices or cultural institutes, and the US remains Taiwan’southward most important security ally.

After years of warming relations, the US established formal diplomatic ties with Beijing in 1979 under President Jimmy Carter.

As a outcome the United states had to sever ties with Taiwan and closed its Taipei diplomatic mission.

Only that same year it besides passed the Taiwan Relations Act, which guarantees back up for the island. Crucially, this human activity states that the US must assistance Taiwan defend itself – which is why the US continues to sell arms to Taiwan. The US has also said information technology insists on the peaceful resolution of differences between the two sides and encourages both sides to pursue “constructive dialogue”.

Information technology maintains an unofficial presence in Taipei via the American Institute in Taiwan, a private corporation through which information technology carries out diplomatic activities.

Beijing has obviously benefited the most from the policy, which has bandage Taiwan out into the diplomatic wilderness.

Taiwan is not recognised as an contained country by much of the world nor fifty-fifty the United nations. Information technology undergoes extraordinary naming contortions just to participate in events and institutions like the Olympic Games and the World Trade System.

But even in its isolation, Taiwan has not entirely lost out.

It maintains vibrant economic and cultural ties with neighbours, and leverages on its long-term emotional relationship with the United states to excerpt concessions.

It employs a pocket-sized grouping of powerful lobbyists in Washington DC including quondam senator Bob Dole, who United states of america media reported helped to arrange contacts that culminated in a controversial phone phone call between Donald Trump and Taiwan’s President Tsai Ing-wen.

As for the U.s.a., it can benefit from formal relations with China – its biggest foreign lender and a summit trade partner – while quietly continuing to maintain strong ties with Taiwan.

The One China policy is a delicate balancing act that the U.s. has perfected over the decades. How Washington tin can continue doing remains to be seen.